What Does A Scotsman Wear Under His Kilt

Are you a true Scotsman? In this post we answer the question that everyone wonders about, What does a Scotsman wear under his kilt?

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It’s one of the most asked questions about Scotland—and it never really goes away. So, what’s the truth?

The traditional answer is simple: a “True Scotsman” wears nothing under his kilt. This idea has been part of Scottish culture for generations, often linked to Highland tradition and military practice. But to understand it properly, you need to look at where the kilt itself comes from.

The modern kilt developed from an earlier garment known as the féileadh mòr, or “great kilt,” worn in the Scottish Highlands from at least the 16th century. This was a large piece of woollen cloth, often up to five metres long, which was gathered into pleats and belted around the waist, with the upper part draped over the shoulder. It was practical clothing—warm, weather-resistant, and easy to adjust in Scotland’s harsh conditions.

By the 18th century, a shorter version known as the féileadh beag (the small kilt) became more common. This is closer to the tailored kilt worn today. Kilts were traditionally made from tartan, a patterned cloth that later became associated with specific Scottish clans, although that system largely developed in the 18th and 19th centuries.

After the Jacobite Rising of 1745, Highland dress—including the kilt—was banned under the Dress Act of 1746 as part of efforts to suppress Highland culture. The ban lasted until 1782. When it was lifted, the kilt returned not just as everyday clothing, but as a powerful symbol of Scottish identity and pride.

So where does the “nothing underneath” tradition come in?

Historically, many Highland men did not wear undergarments simply because they were not widely used or necessary at the time. In military regiments, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries, soldiers were known to go without anything beneath their kilts. This helped cement the idea of the “True Scotsman” in popular culture.

But tradition and modern life are not always the same thing.

Research from YouGov gives a clearer picture of what actually happens today. Around 38–40% of Scottish men say they go without underwear when wearing a kilt. That means the tradition is still alive—but it is not the majority.

In fact, most men take a more practical approach. About 55% say they wear underwear, while a smaller number choose shorts or other options. In organised settings such as Highland dancing or sporting events, wearing undergarments is required.

So what does the average Scotsman do? It depends. Some stick to tradition, especially for formal occasions. Others choose comfort.

Either way, the kilt remains one of Scotland’s most recognisable symbols—worn at weddings, Highland Games, and national events. What’s worn underneath? That’s still a personal choice.

Who needs a drink after this bit of information?

This Tartan Whisky flask is the perfect gift for the Real Scotsman in your life!

Related reading: The kilt is just one of Scotland’s most iconic traditions. Discover How to Find Your Clan’s Tartan, learn about Scotland’s Most Famous Traditions, and explore The Annual Highland Games. Ready to experience Scotland in person? Our Scotland trip planning guide has everything you need.

Download our free Scotland Travel Guide (PDF)